先来判断下面两个句子是属于客观事实(fact)还是主观判断(opinion)：

1. Smoking is a nasty habit.

2. Smoking is an unhealthy habit.

Facts (客观事实) are information that can be proven.

Opinions (主观判断) are what you think, it cannot be proven.

判定一条论据是否为客观事实的重要依据便是它能否被证据和数据加以确定无疑的支撑。

▌以以上两题为例，我们可以找到大量详实的数据作为对吸烟有害健康论断的支持，所以第二题是客观事实。但吸烟是否让人感觉不适却无定论，因此第一题属于主观判定。

➤➤➤接着来看看下面几题：

1. Football is better than netball. F/O?

2. Swimming is a good way to keep fit. F/O?

3. Superman is the greatest movie of all times. F/O?

4. Justin Bieber is the best-selling album in the USA for 2013. F/O?

5. Basketball is less popular than Baseball in the US. F/O?

6. The Xbox came out before the Wii. F/O?

注意:

Facts can be checked and should be checked.

And opinions cannot be checked!

(答案见文章最后)

  ◆◆◆

在GMAT的CR考试当中对这两者的判断也是非常重要的技能。

▌总结句(conclusion) 作为整个argument的主旨句同时也是作者想要让读者读完整段话之后产生共鸣的地方，具有两个最基本的特点：

       1. 具有主观性。结论句作为作者的主观意见，是一个可以被讨论(disputable)的观点而绝非铁定事实。

       2. 具有总结性。它是基于各项证据得出的一项总结性陈述。

➤➤➤下面来看一篇Gmat例题：

Mathematician: Recently, Zubin Ghosh made headlines when he was recognized to have solved the Hilbert Conjecture, made a hundred years ago. Ghosh simply posted his work on the Internet, rather than submitting it to established journals. In fact, he has no job, let alone a university position; he lives alone and has refused all acclaim. In reporting on Ghosh, the press unfortunately has reinforced the popular view that mathematicians are anti-social loners. But mathematicians clearly form a tightly knit community, frequently collaborating on important efforts; indeed, teams of researchers are working together to extend Ghosh's findings.

- 以上文章中Mathematician之后一直到“he lives alone and has refused all acclaim”的陈述都属于客观事实。

- “In reporting on Ghosh, the press unfortunately has reinforced the popular view that mathematicians are anti-social loners.” 而这句话本身作为媒体报道属于客观事实，但其中的“popular view that mathematicians are anti-social loners” 则属于主观判断。

- “mathematicians clearly form a tightly knit community, frequently collaborating on important efforts” 为一个清晰的主观句。

- “indeed, teams of researchers are working together to extend Ghosh's findings.” 则是客观事实。

- 因此以上文章中“mathematicians clearly form a tightly knit community”这句话既是主观判定又具有总结性质，是为全篇的conclusion。

可以看出这篇短文采用了观点对立的讨论方法，虽然前半段的总体意见与总结句相左，但它的作用在于引出了后半段的观点更正，因此全篇的重点依然在于后半段的论证。

▌综上，客观事实(facts)和主观判断(opinions)虽然大相径庭，但两者并不完全对立。客观事实常常作为证据来支撑作者的主观判断。而在现实生活当中，在我们形成了某些观念之后也会不由自主地留意收集相关证据来加强已有的主观印象。

1. O  2. F   3. O   4. F   5. O   6. F

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